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What is a Customer Lifetime Value (CLV / LTV)?
Customer lifetime value (CLV or LTV) is the total revenue you can expect from a customer over the entire duration of their relationship with your brand. It predicts how valuable a customer is beyond their first purchase.
Why Customer Lifetime Value (CLV / LTV) matters?
LTV is one of the most strategic metrics in ecommerce. It informs how much you can spend to acquire a customer (CAC) and still remain profitable. Higher LTV means you can outbid competitors for new customers. It also guides retention investments, loyalty program design, and product development.
How Customer Lifetime Value (CLV / LTV) works?
Basic formula: LTV = (Average Order Value × Purchase Frequency × Customer Lifespan). More advanced models incorporate gross margin, churn rates, and cohort analysis. Tracking LTV over time helps you identify which acquisition sources bring in the most valuable customers.
Example in ecommerce
A specialty tea store finds that subscription customers have an LTV of $480 over 3 years, compared to $120 for one-time buyers. This insight prompts them to promote subscriptions aggressively in their ads, even with a higher initial CAC.
Common mix-ups
LTV is not the same as AOV. AOV is a single transaction’s value; LTV measures the total over the relationship.
Best practices
- Segment LTV by acquisition source.
- Increase purchase frequency through retention campaigns.
- Improve AOV with upselling and bundling.
- Extend customer lifespan via loyalty programs.
- Use churn analysis to predict LTV changes.
- Reinvest in channels with high LTV customers.
- Monitor LTV/CAC ratio; aim for at least 3:1.
Industry benchmarks
- Subscription ecommerce often achieves 3-5× higher LTV than one-time purchase models.
Related terms
Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
Related article
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