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What is Cost per Acquisition (CPA)?
Cost per acquisition (CPA) is the amount you spend on marketing to acquire one paying customer. It’s a key metric for understanding the efficiency and profitability of your paid campaigns in ecommerce.
Why Cost per Acquisition matters?
CPA tells you exactly how much it costs to generate a sale. This makes it one of the most important profitability metrics for paid acquisition strategies. A CPA that’s too high relative to your average order value or customer lifetime value can quickly erode margins. Tracking CPA helps you determine which channels, campaigns, and creative approaches produce customers at the most sustainable cost. In ecommerce, where margins can be thin, keeping CPA in check is essential to scaling without losing money.
How Cost per Acquisition works?
CPA = (Total Ad Spend ÷ Number of Conversions). The “conversions” here are paying customers, not just leads. CPA is heavily influenced by click-through rate, conversion rate, and media costs. By improving any part of the funnel, more efficient targeting, higher click rates, better landing page conversion, you can lower CPA.
Example in ecommerce
A DTC apparel brand runs Facebook ads and spends $10,000 to generate 500 sales. CPA = $20. With an average order value of $50 and a 50% gross margin, the CPA is sustainable. However, when CPC rises and conversion rate drops, CPA climbs to $28. The brand responds by pausing underperforming ad sets and testing new creative, bringing CPA back under $20.
Common mix-ups
CPA is not CPC, which measures cost per click, nor is it CAC, which often includes all acquisition costs, not just media spend.
Best practices
- Track CPA by channel, campaign, and audience segment.
- Optimize creatives and landing pages for higher conversion.
- Use retargeting to lower CPA by focusing on warm audiences.
- Monitor CPA trends over time, seasonality can inflate costs.
- Set CPA targets based on LTV, not just AOV.
- Test new acquisition channels to diversify.
- Use lookalike audiences for efficient scaling.
Industry benchmarks
- Fashion ecommerce CPAs often range $15-$45.
- High-ticket products may sustain CPAs over $100 if margins allow.
Related terms
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